Direct And Indirect Speech
Definition
Direct speech is quoted speech that is presented without modification, as it might have been uttered by the original speaker
Direct speech is usually placed inside quotation marks and accompanied by a reporting verb, signal phrase, or quotative frame.
In terms of grammar, indirect speech often makes use of certain syntactic structures such as content clauses ("that" clauses, such as (that) he was coming), and sometimes infinitive phrases. References to questions in indirect speech frequently take the form of interrogative content clauses, also called indirect questions (such as whether he was coming).
In indirect speech certain grammatical categories are changed relative to the words of the original sentence. For example, person may change as a result of a change of speaker or listener (as I changes to he in the example above). In some languages, including English, the tense of verbs is often changed – this is often called sequence of tenses. Some languages have a change of mood: Latin switches from indicative to the infinitive (for statements) or the subjunctive (for questions).
When written, indirect speech is not normally enclosed in quotation marks or any similar typographical devices for indicating that a direct quotation is being made. However such devices are sometimes used to indicate that the indirect speech is a faithful quotation of someone's words (with additional devices such as square brackets and ellipses to indicate deviations or omissions from those words), as in He informed us that "after dinner [he] would like to make an announcement".
Example :
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
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He
said, “Market equilibrium price increase for a few month.”
|
He
said (that) Market equilibrium price increase for a few month
|
She
said, “I will invest my money to that
Company.”
|
She
said (that) she would invest my money
to that Company.
|
He
said. “I am going to the Bank every month.”
|
He
said (that) he was going to the Bank every month
|
She
said, “Save your money !”
|
She
told me to save my money.
|
He
said, “dollar prices are rising.”
|
He
said (that) dollar prices are rising.
|
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